How the X (Twitter) Algorithm Works in 2026 (Complete Guide)
How X's algorithm ranks your For You feed in 2026. Open-sourced engagement weights, the Grok-powered ranking shift, Premium reach gaps, and what actually drives impressions.
X is the only major social platform that has open-sourced its algorithm — twice. The engagement weights are public, the ranking logic is on GitHub, and the exact value of every interaction is documented. A reply that gets a reply from the author is worth 150x more than a like. A retweet is worth 20x a like. A bookmark is worth 10x.
In January 2026, xAI released the Grok-powered version of the algorithm, replacing the legacy system with a transformer model that reads every post and watches every video to match users with content. The platform now processes 500 million daily tweets and makes 5 billion ranking decisions per day.
This guide breaks down exactly how X's algorithm works in 2026 — the three-stage ranking pipeline, the confirmed engagement weights from open-sourced code, the growing Premium vs. free reach gap, and the specific tactics that drive impressions and engagement.
TL;DR
- X uses a three-stage pipeline: Candidate Sourcing (1,500 candidates from 500M tweets) → Neural Network Ranking → Heuristics & Filtering
- Conversation depth is king — a reply that gets a reply from the author is weighted +75 (vs +0.5 for a like). That's 150x more powerful
- Text-only posts outperform video by 30% on X — the only major platform where text beats video
- External links are heavily penalized — 30-50% reach reduction, with zero median engagement for free accounts since March 2025
- Premium accounts get ~10x more reach per post than free accounts. The pay-to-play gap is the largest of any social platform
- Grok AI now powers ranking — reading every post and watching every video, with sentiment analysis that rewards constructive tone
- Post 2-3 times daily, prioritize Tuesday-Thursday mornings, and use a social media scheduler to maintain consistency
Table of Contents
- How X's Algorithm Actually Works
- The Engagement Weights (From Open-Sourced Code)
- The Grok-Powered Ranking Shift
- Premium vs. Free: The Reach Gap
- Content Formats: What Performs Best
- X Features That Affect the Algorithm
- What Actually Works in 2026
- 8 X Algorithm Myths Debunked
- X vs. Other Platforms: How the Algorithms Differ
- Recent Algorithm Updates (2023-2026 Timeline)
- FAQs
- Next Steps
How X's Algorithm Actually Works
Every time you open the For You timeline, X executes a three-stage process built on its custom Scala framework called Product Mixer.
Stage 1: Candidate Sourcing
The system scans approximately 500 million daily tweets and narrows them to ~1,500 candidates per user. It pulls from two sources:
- In-network (50%) — Posts from accounts you follow, ranked by the Real Graph model which predicts engagement likelihood between you and each author based on your interaction history
- Out-of-network (50%) — Posts from accounts you don't follow, surfaced through SimClusters (145,000 topic clusters) and social graph signals. SimClusters account for ~85% of out-of-network recommendations
Stage 2: Neural Network Ranking
A transformer model (now Grok-powered, replacing the original 48-million-parameter neural network) analyzes thousands of features per tweet and predicts how likely you are to: like, retweet, reply, click, engage with media, spend time reading, or react negatively.
Each tweet receives a Final Score = probability of action × weighted importance factor. The engagement weights from the open-sourced code determine how each action contributes to this score.
Stage 3: Heuristics & Filtering
Diversity mechanisms prevent feed domination by a single account or topic. Content from blocked/muted users is removed, NSFW filtering is applied, and already-seen content is deprioritized. The final feed blends ranked tweets with ads, Spaces, trending topics, and who-to-follow suggestions.
The Three Feed Tabs
- For You — Algorithm-curated feed blending in-network and out-of-network content. The default experience
- Following — Was chronological until November 2025, when X began using Grok to sort it by predicted engagement. Users can still toggle to chronological order
- Explore — Trending content and breaking news, organized by categories
The Engagement Weights (From Open-Sourced Code)
X is unique in that we know the exact weights of engagement signals from the open-sourced algorithm code. These weights were confirmed in both the 2023 release and the January 2026 xAI release.
| Signal | Weight | Real-World Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Reply engaged by author | +75 | You reply AND the author engages back. The single most powerful signal |
| Reply | +13.5 | You reply to the tweet |
| Profile click + engagement | +12.0 | You visit the author's profile and like/reply to something |
| Conversation click + engagement | +11.0 | You click into the thread and interact |
| Dwell time (2+ min) | +10.0 | You read/view for 2+ minutes |
| Bookmark | +10.0 | You save the tweet (5x multiplier — highest save signal) |
| Retweet | +1.0 | You share to your timeline |
| Like | +0.5 | The lowest-value positive signal |
The simplified scoring formula (widely cited from the code): Likes × 1 + Retweets × 20 + Replies × 13.5 + Profile Clicks × 12 + Link Clicks × 11 + Bookmarks × 10.
The key insight: conversation depth dominates everything. One genuine reply chain where the author engages back is worth more than hundreds of likes. This is why "like and retweet" strategies are fundamentally inefficient on X.
Negative Signals
| Signal | Impact |
|---|---|
| Block | Strong penalty; accumulates and affects TweepCred reputation score |
| Report | Major penalty (-15 to -35 on reputation) |
| Mute | Significant negative signal |
| "Not interested" | Reduces distribution for that content type |
| Unfollow | Negative signal on relationship score |
TweepCred: The Hidden Reputation Score
Every X account carries a TweepCred score from 0-100, calculated using a weighted PageRank approach. Factors include account age, follower-to-following ratio, engagement quality, and interaction patterns with high-quality users.
Critical threshold: 65. Below 0.65, only 3 of your tweets are considered for distribution. Above it, all tweets are eligible. Premium subscribers get a +4 to +16 point boost.
The Grok-Powered Ranking Shift
In October 2025, Elon Musk announced that Grok would replace the legacy recommendation system entirely: "Grok will literally read every post and watch every video (100M+ per day) to match users with content they're most likely to find interesting."
The January 2026 release (github.com/xai-org/x-algorithm) confirmed the shift. Key changes:
- Architecture: Rust-based codebase with four components — Home Mixer (orchestration), Thunder (in-memory post storage), Phoenix (Grok-based ranking), and Candidate Pipeline
- Sentiment analysis: Grok now monitors the tone of every post. Positive/constructive messaging gets wider distribution; negative/combative tones get reduced visibility even if engagement is high
- Promptable feeds: Users can input natural language commands like "Show me more tech innovations, less politics" to customize their experience
- Commitment to transparency: xAI pledged to update the open-source repo every 4 weeks
The repo gained 1,600 GitHub stars in 6 hours.
Premium vs. Free: The Reach Gap
The reach gap between Premium and free accounts on X is the largest of any major social platform. Buffer's analysis of 18.8 million posts documents the disparity.
| Metric | Free | Premium | Premium+ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median reach per post | <100 impressions | 600+ impressions (10x) | ~15x free |
| Median engagement rate | 0% (at least half see zero) | Measurable | Highest |
| Reply visibility | Baseline | Small boost | Top of conversations |
| In-network algorithm boost | None | 4x | Highest |
| Out-of-network boost | None | 2x | Highest |
| Character limit | 280 | 4,000 | 25,000 |
| Video upload | 140s / 512MB | Extended | 4 hours / 16GB |
| Link post suppression | Severe | Reduced | Least suppressed |
The documented algorithmic boosts are: 4x in-network and 2x out-of-network visibility for Premium subscribers. However, Premium doesn't guarantee performance — low-quality content from Premium accounts still underperforms. The boost is multiplicative on existing engagement potential.
Schedule your X posts for maximum impact. PostEverywhere lets you plan tweets, threads, and media posts in advance and auto-publish at peak times. Try the X scheduler free.
Content Formats: What Performs Best
Buffer's analysis of millions of posts reveals that X is fundamentally different from other platforms when it comes to format performance.
| Rank | Format | Performance vs. Next |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Text-only | 30% more engagement than video, 37% more than images |
| 2 | Video | 5.4% more than images, 18% more than links |
| 3 | Images | 12% more than links |
| 4 | Links | Zero median engagement for free accounts since March 2025 |
| 5 | Retweets | Lowest engagement of all formats |
X is the only major platform where text outperforms video. While Instagram, TikTok, and LinkedIn all favor visual content, X remains fundamentally text-first.
Optimal Character Count
- Short tweets (71-100 characters): 17% higher engagement than longer tweets
- Near-max tweets (240-259 characters): Most likes according to SEO data
- Threads (4-8 tweets): Best format for complex insights. 1-2 threads per week recommended
Video Best Practices
- Keep under 2 minutes 20 seconds for algorithmic preference
- Native video only — shared YouTube links get the external link penalty
- 10+ seconds of watch time is a positive signal
- Always upload natively; never post external video links
X Features That Affect the Algorithm
Bookmarks
The most underrated signal. Bookmarks carry a 5x multiplier — weighted at +10 compared to +0.5 for likes. Creating content worth saving (reference material, data, frameworks) directly boosts algorithmic distribution.
Communities
Topic-based groups that function as a hybrid of Facebook Groups and Reddit subreddits. As of February 2026, community posts are visible to everyone — not just members — and surface in the For You feed based on topic interest signals.
Spaces
Live audio discussions that appear in the For You feed. The algorithm surfaces Spaces from accounts you follow or topics you engage with. Real-time content about Spaces updates gets strong algorithmic treatment.
Promptable Feeds (New 2026)
Powered by Grok, users can now input natural language commands to customize their For You feed. This represents a fundamental shift toward user-controlled algorithmic curation.
Long-Form Posts
Premium subscribers can write up to 25,000 characters. Dwell time on long-form content (2+ minutes) is a strong positive signal (+10 weight). Useful for thought leadership, but no specific long-form bonus beyond dwell time benefits.
What Actually Works in 2026
Posting Strategy
| Factor | Recommendation |
|---|---|
| Frequency | 2-3 posts daily including replies and threads. Wait 30-60 min between tweets |
| Best days | Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday |
| Best times | 9 AM-3 PM weekdays. Monday 8 AM is a strong single slot |
| Format priority | Text > Video > Images > Links |
| Character sweet spot | 71-100 characters for quick engagement, 240-259 for maximum likes |
| Threads | 4-8 tweets with visuals, 1-2 per week |
| Hashtags | Maximum 1-2 relevant ones. Multiple hashtags penalized by 40% |
Tactics That Move the Needle
- Reply to replies. The author engaging with replies is worth +75 — the single most powerful signal. Respond to every genuine reply within the first hour
- Create bookmark-worthy content. Reference material, data, frameworks, and checklists. Bookmarks are 10x more valuable than likes
- Spark conversations, not broadcasts. The algorithm rewards reply depth, not broadcast reach. Ask questions, share opinions, invite disagreement
- Write text-first. Resist the urge to default to images or video. Text outperforms video by 30% on X
- Avoid external links in the main tweet. 30-50% reach penalty for links. Post the link in a reply instead
- Use 1-2 niche hashtags max. Generic hashtags get drowned out. Multiple hashtags are penalized by 40%
- Maintain a positive/constructive tone. Grok's sentiment analysis reduces distribution for combative content even if engagement is high
Content Penalties to Avoid
| Penalty | Impact |
|---|---|
| External links | 30-50% reach reduction |
| Multiple hashtags | 40% penalty |
| All-caps text | Major penalization |
| Negative/combative tone | Reduced distribution via Grok sentiment |
| Duplicate content | Detected and suppressed |
Plan your X content strategy ahead of time. PostEverywhere's AI content generator helps you craft text-first posts optimized for engagement, and the scheduling calendar keeps your posting cadence consistent.
8 X Algorithm Myths Debunked
1. "X Premium guarantees massive reach" Premium provides a documented 4x in-network and 2x out-of-network boost, and ~10x more reach per post vs. free. But it's multiplicative on existing quality — low-quality Premium content still underperforms.
2. "The algorithm penalizes external links" This one is confirmed true. The open-sourced code shows 30-50% reach reduction for external links. Buffer found zero median engagement for link posts from free accounts since March 2025. A/B testing showed 1,700% reach increase when removing a link from an identical tweet. Post links in replies instead.
3. "More followers = more visibility" Follower count has little direct impact on per-tweet visibility. Engagement rate drives impressions. A smaller account with high engagement has more per-tweet reach than a large account with low interaction.
4. "Hashtags guarantee reach" Generic hashtags get drowned out. Multiple hashtags are penalized by 40%. X recommends maximum 1-2 targeted hashtags. Adding 1-2 relevant ones can increase engagement by 21%, but more hurts.
5. "All engagement is equal" The open-sourced weights prove otherwise. A reply chain with the author is worth 150x a like. Retweets are worth 20x likes. Bookmarks are 10x. Passive likes are the lowest-value signal.
6. "Video always outperforms text on X" Unlike every other major platform, text-only posts on X see 30% more engagement than video. X is fundamentally a text-first platform.
7. "Only your followers see your tweets" ~50% of For You feed candidates come from out-of-network sources. The algorithm actively surfaces tweets to non-followers based on topic clusters and interest matching.
8. "You can game the algorithm with engagement pods" The algorithm detects and penalizes artificial engagement patterns. Interactions from low-quality accounts actually reduce your own TweepCred reputation score.
X vs. Other Platforms: How the Algorithms Differ
| Factor | X | TikTok | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Open-source algorithm | Yes (twice) | No | No | No |
| Top ranking signal | Replies that get replies (+75) | Watch time, sends/reach | Watch time, completion rate | Dwell time, comments |
| Dominant format | Text-first | Video (Reels) | Short video | Text + carousel |
| Content lifespan | Hours | Days | Days-weeks | 2-3 weeks |
| Real-time focus | Very high (first 30-60 min) | Low | Low-Medium | Low |
| Pay-to-play | Strong (10x reach) | Moderate (ads) | Minimal | Moderate (ads) |
| Link penalty | Severe (30-50%) | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| AI transparency | Grok code published | Black box | Black box | Black box |
X's unique advantages: the only major platform with a publicly documented algorithm, the fastest content cycle (real-time), and the only platform where text outperforms video. The trade-off is the most aggressive link penalty and pay-to-play dynamic of any social platform.
For how other platform algorithms compare, see our guides on Instagram, Facebook, and LinkedIn.
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Recent Algorithm Updates (2023-2026 Timeline)
January 2026 — xAI open-sources the Grok-powered algorithm. Rust-based codebase with promptable feeds. 1,600 GitHub stars in 6 hours. Commitment to update every 4 weeks.
February 2026 — Communities go public. Community posts visible to everyone, surfacing in For You feed.
December 2025 — EU fines X €120 million under the Digital Services Act for insufficient algorithmic transparency.
November 2025 — Following feed becomes Grok-sorted. Users can toggle to chronological order. Major backlash.
October 2025 — Musk announces full Grok integration: "deletion of all heuristics within 4-6 weeks." Grok will read every post and watch every video.
2025 — Grok sentiment analysis deployed. Link suppression intensifies. Premium reach gap widens. Average engagement rate drops to 0.12% (down 48% YoY — steepest decline of any platform).
2024 — Premium accounts receive documented 4x/2x algorithmic boosts. Link penalties reach 30-50%.
March 2023 — Twitter open-sources the original algorithm. Code reveals engagement weights, TweepCred scoring, and the 50/50 in-network/out-of-network split.
Key Platform Stats
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Monthly active users | ~557 million |
| Daily tweets processed | 500 million |
| Daily ranking decisions | ~5 billion |
| Average engagement rate | 0.12% |
| Engagement decline YoY | -48% |
| Free account median reach | <100 impressions |
| Premium account median reach | 600+ impressions |
| Daily time on platform | 34 minutes |
FAQs
Does the X algorithm penalize scheduling tools?
No. X provides an official API that scheduling tools like PostEverywhere use to publish posts. What matters is the content quality and engagement it generates, not how it was published. The algorithm evaluates the tweet itself, not the publication method.
How often should I post on X in 2026?
2-3 quality posts per day including replies and threads. Wait 30-60 minutes between tweets. The algorithm penalizes high post volumes with low per-tweet engagement rates — 10 high-quality tweets outperform 30 mediocre ones.
Is X Premium worth it for reach?
The data is clear: Premium accounts get ~10x more reach per post than free accounts. Buffer's analysis found that at least half of free account posts see zero engagement. If X is a meaningful part of your marketing strategy, Premium is effectively required for organic visibility.
Why do my link posts get no engagement?
The open-sourced code confirms a 30-50% reach penalty for external links. Since March 2025, link posts from free accounts have zero median engagement. X wants users to stay on-platform. Workaround: post the link in a reply to your main tweet instead.
What's the most valuable engagement signal on X?
A reply that gets a reply from the author (+75 weight). It's 150x more valuable than a like. This is why responding to genuine replies in the first hour is the highest-leverage activity on the platform.
Do hashtags help on X in 2026?
In small doses. 1-2 niche-relevant hashtags can increase engagement by 21%. But multiple hashtags are penalized by 40%, and generic popular hashtags get drowned out. Less is more.
What is TweepCred and does it affect my reach?
TweepCred is a hidden reputation score from 0-100 calculated for every X account. Below the critical threshold of 65, only 3 of your tweets are considered for distribution. Factors: account age, follower ratio, engagement quality, and interactions with high-quality accounts. Premium subscribers get a +4 to +16 point boost.
How does Grok's sentiment analysis affect my posts?
Grok now monitors the tone of every post. Positive and constructive messaging gets wider distribution. Negative and combative tones lead to reduced visibility even if engagement is high. The algorithm rewards substance over outrage.
Next Steps
X's algorithm in 2026 is uniquely transparent — the engagement weights are public, the code is on GitHub, and the Premium reach multipliers are documented. The strategy is clear: spark conversations (replies are worth 150x likes), write text-first content (it outperforms video by 30%), avoid external links in the main tweet, and engage actively with your audience in the first hour.
The biggest variable is the Premium vs. free gap. For businesses serious about organic reach on X, the paid tier is functionally necessary.
Here's how to put this guide into action:
- Schedule your X posts — Plan tweets, threads, and media posts in advance with PostEverywhere's X integration
- Find your best posting times — Platform-specific timing data to hit peak activity windows
- Best times to schedule X posts — Deep dive into optimal posting times for X
- Generate engagement-optimized content — Use AI to brainstorm text-first posts, hooks, and thread ideas
- Grow your social media presence — Cross-platform strategy for building audiences on X and beyond
- Understand every platform — Read our complete guides to how the Instagram, Facebook, TikTok, YouTube, LinkedIn, and Threads algorithms work
Jamie Partridge
Founder & CEO of PostEverywhere
Jamie Partridge is the Founder & CEO of PostEverywhere. He writes about social media strategy, publishing workflows, and analytics that help brands grow faster with less effort.